Variety Library

Northern Spy

Sharp · 11 trees planted · confidence medium

OriginUSA, East Bloomfield, New York; seedling grown c.1800 from Connecticut seed, disseminated from the Chapin farm in the 1840s
Ploidydiploid
Bloom group4 (1 early … 5 late)
Harvestlate Oct and beyond (one of the latest-harvested American varieties)
Acidityhigh
Tanninlow
Vigorvigorous
Biennial tendencyhigh

A famous New York heirloom, the classic American pie apple, and a very late sharp that cidermakers use as a high-acid aromatic backbone against low-acid English bittersweets. It brings bright acidity and distinctive aroma but almost no tannin, so it needs a bittersweet or crab partner for structure. It overcrops once established, so thinning is required to avoid locking in biennial bearing.

Disease: Susceptible to apple scab, most major apple diseases and bitter pit; only slightly resistant to fireblight. Immune to woolly apple aphid - the trait that made it the breeding parent of the Malling-Merton (MM.106/MM.111) rootstock series. Notoriously slow to bear: about 4 years on dwarfing stock, up to 10 on standard. Upright tip bearer with long gangly branches.

Discrepancies: Absent from WSU's cider cultivar database, so no climate-local bloom, harvest or juice data - typical_sg left null rather than estimated. Bloom group: sources split between 4 and 5, both described as late - recommended 4 as the more commonly cited. Origin date varies by source (seedling grown c.1800 vs first fruiting and naming in the 1840s); both are recorded rather than picking one, since they describe different events.

Sources

  • en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Spy
  • pomiferous.com/applebyname/northern-spy-id-8188
  • fedcoseeds.com/trees/northern-spy-apple-7255